I've been reading a lot about the LRV lately. I wonder what changes would be made today, if one was to be constructed.
Being a communications engineer, naturally I would love the chance to design a new comm system for a lunar rover using today's technology.
The link to earth would operate on a higher frequency band and of course be entirely digital. This would provide considerably greater capacity. HDTV should be no problem.
The high gain antenna would track earth automatically while in motion. A phased array would be ideal so it wouldn't have to physically move; physically this would be a flat plate. A single antenna pointed straight up would suffice for landing sites near the center of the moon's disc, but sites closer to the limb might require the rover to carry several antennas, one pointed to each side of the rover and that might be too heavy. If a mechanically pointed high gain antenna had to be used, I'd include a medium gain backup to automatically maintain a lower speed link while the high gain antenna is acquiring.
Lunar surface communications should use an ad-hoc network, with nodes automatically discovering and relaying data between other nodes as well as sinking and sourcing their own data. WiFi hardware could be used almost off-the-shelf. One would go on the LM, one on each astronaut's PLSS, and one on the rover. Additional standalone relay units could be provided and deployed along the rover's path to provide communications beyond line of sight; depending on the terrain and the path to be covered, this might entirely eliminate the need for direct rover-to-earth communications.
The rover would be capable of full remote operation after the astronauts have left. This was proposed for the Apollo LRV but couldn't be accomplished before the end of the program.
Thermal control, especially of the batteries and electronics, was a serious headache in the Apollo LRV. It would be great to improve this, though I'm not sure how. It would be especially important if the rover is to continue its mission by remote control after the astronauts have left. The peak temperatures at solar noon and the long, cold lunar night are both difficult problems.