To put the space weather radiation hazard to human life in perspective, at geostationary orbit, with only 0.1 gm/cm2 of aluminum shielding thickness, the predicted radiation dose (REM) for one year continuous exposure, with minimum-moderate solar activity, is estimated to be about 3,000,000; using 5.0 gm/cm2 of aluminum shielding, the REM for one year continuous exposure would be reduced to about 550. (Note: REM = dose (RAD) x Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) of particular ionizing radiation.) Although drastically reduced by shielding, 550 REM for a sample population would cause radiation sickness and about 50 percent deaths. Astronauts protected with only a spacesuit during normal-length extra-vehicular activity at geostationary altitude could receive about 0.43 REM per day under minimum to moderate solar activity conditions, which is sufficient to damage the eyes and other vital organs. Under high solar activity, and most importantly during large solar flare occurrences, daily REM values could be a thousand-fold higher and probably lethal. In comparison, an earth-bound person would have an estimated total yearly radiation dosage in the range of 0.17 to 2.6 REM; the daily dosage would be approximately 4.7 x 10-4 to 7.1 x 10-3 REM (2 to 3 orders of magnitude less than the astronauts daily dosage in our example).What does this means?
Hi guys, I believe the landing happened but I have some doubts and I need someone to explain it.What evidence of a hoax is this? There's some 400 kg of lunar rocks and soil samples, extensively documented. Why would some rocks that were given as gifts and subsequently went missing imply a hoax?
Does this evidence prove the hoax?
Missing lunar rocks
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolen_and_missing_moon_rocks (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolen_and_missing_moon_rocks)
Missing telemetry dataWhat about all the data that hasn't been misplaced or overwritten? Are you aware that we have lot of the Apollo 11 missing data in different format (lower quality video, for example)?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11_missing_tapes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11_missing_tapes)
Radiation of Van Allen BeltsVan Allen Belts have been widely discussed here, so I'm sure a brief search would easily get you the details. In short, the Apollo flights tried to avoid the belts, and went through a region of lower particle flux to minimize the radiation exposure.
What is that?Lunar Roving Vehicle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle
Is from some guy named Jay Weidner, is he trustworthy?See for example http://www.apollohoax.net/forum/index.php?topic=89.0
Is it possible that USA could have bribed Russia with grain shipments to keep the conspiracy?Did they bribe all the others who did independent confirmation of the flights too?
Is from some guy named Jay Weidner, is he trustworthy?
Hi guys, I believe the landing happened but I have some doubts and I need someone to explain it.
Does this evidence prove the hoax?
Missing lunar rocks
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolen_and_missing_moon_rocks (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolen_and_missing_moon_rocks)
Missing telemetry data
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11_missing_tapes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11_missing_tapes)
Radiation of Van Allen Belts
http://fas.org/spp/military/docops/usaf/2020/app-f.htm (http://fas.org/spp/military/docops/usaf/2020/app-f.htm)QuoteTo put the space weather radiation hazard to human life in perspective, at geostationary orbit, with only 0.1 gm/cm2 of aluminum shielding thickness, the predicted radiation dose (REM) for one year continuous exposure, with minimum-moderate solar activity, is estimated to be about 3,000,000; using 5.0 gm/cm2 of aluminum shielding, the REM for one year continuous exposure would be reduced to about 550. (Note: REM = dose (RAD) x Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) of particular ionizing radiation.) Although drastically reduced by shielding, 550 REM for a sample population would cause radiation sickness and about 50 percent deaths. Astronauts protected with only a spacesuit during normal-length extra-vehicular activity at geostationary altitude could receive about 0.43 REM per day under minimum to moderate solar activity conditions, which is sufficient to damage the eyes and other vital organs. Under high solar activity, and most importantly during large solar flare occurrences, daily REM values could be a thousand-fold higher and probably lethal. In comparison, an earth-bound person would have an estimated total yearly radiation dosage in the range of 0.17 to 2.6 REM; the daily dosage would be approximately 4.7 x 10-4 to 7.1 x 10-3 REM (2 to 3 orders of magnitude less than the astronauts daily dosage in our example).What does this means?
Is it possible that USA could have bribed Russia with grain shipments to keep the conspiracy?
Last year my family took our first trip ever to Green Bay, Wisconsin for my brother-in-law's wedding. It was a lovely trip, and I took hundreds of pictures - all of which I subsequently deleted from my camera's memory chip. An idiotic mistake? No, because I'd transferred all of the images to two other computers and other data backup media.
Here is one man's story: Link (http://legacy.jefferson.kctcs.edu/observatory/apollo11/).
What is that?
Is from some guy named Jay Weidner, is he trustworthy?
Could the soviets know it was faked but they could not tell it to the world because they are isolated from the rest or because they were losing and nobody wanted to hear them about the landings?
Could the soviets know it was faked but they could not tell it to the world because they are isolated from the rest or because they were losing and nobody wanted to hear them about the landings?
Is it possible that USA could have bribed Russia with grain shipments to keep the conspiracy?That would be like handing over a very sharp knife aimed straight at your own jugular to your worst enemy.
Soo much thanks guys, I really needed this explanations.Alexei Leonov, Soviet Cosmonaut and first man to walk in space calls hoax believers ignorant. (only 1:35)
But I have one final doubt:
Could the soviets know it was faked but they could not tell it to the world because they are isolated from the rest or because they were losing and nobody wanted to hear them about the landings?
Could the soviets know it was faked but they could not tell it to the world because they are isolated from the rest or because they were losing and nobody wanted to hear them about the landings?
Is it possible that USA could have bribed Russia with grain shipments to keep the conspiracy?
The US space program, starting with the first satellite launch, forms a well documented chain of events that led up to the Apollo 11 landing. This includes.And The Lunar Orbiter program (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter)
Explorer 1 (https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Explorer_1) which detected the Van Allen Belts
The Mercury program (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mercury)
The Gemini program (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Gemini)
The Surveyor program (https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Surveyor_program)
Thank you BertieSlack, I enjoyed reading your analysis of the grain to the Soviets. I thought it was clear, concise and compelling. I learned something new today... again!
What do you think about aulis? is it legit? It has lots of content about the photos anomalies
To expand on nomuse's response, Aulis is not valid. As implied by the response, it's full of errors, logical fallacies, and just plain hogwash. JayUtah's site dissects some of the more egregious claims.I dont understand why hoaxers relay so much on that site. All they sources come from there
I dont understand why hoaxers relay so much on that site. All they sources come from there.
Does this evidence prove the hoax?
Missing lunar rocksLike any valuable curated item, lunar samples attract loss and theft as well as fraudulent claims of ownership or sale. Most of the samples in question are quite small. The total mass of retrieved lunar samples is around 400 kg. I'm not sure how stories of loss, theft, recovery, or third-party fraud constitute proof in any way that the missions were hoaxed. Could you flesh out that line of reasoning?
Missing telemetry dataThis argument presumes that NASA should have curated the tapes in the certain way the conspiracy theorists impose. That imposition is based on erroneous notions such as the telemetry tapes being the "original" records of the mission, especially of the television coverage. The process of converting the embedded television signal to a standard signal, such that it could be playable by ordinary video equipment, was accomplished "on the fly" during the mission by highly specialized, custom-built equipment. The telemetry tapes were retained temporarily only against the possibility that such an on-the-fly conversion would have failed. Reading the tapes themselves requires large, finicky equipment, only one example of which has survived. While the telemetry tapes are the original recordings, they are not the primary source of data, nor an especially useful source. Only in very recent years have new techniques arisen to glean more from them than the original plan called for.
What does this means?It means if you spent a year in space outside the Van Allen belts, you could be expected to absorb a certain amount of normal space radiation, in addition to possibly enduring one of half a dozen or so major solar events that occur. However, for a short two-week mission the normal level of radiation is suitably attenuated by the spacecraft, which provides around 7 g cm-2 of shielding. No major solar events occurred during any of the Apollo missions. The information on that page is true, but it is not applicable to Apollo.
Is from some guy named Jay Weidner, is he trustworthy?
Is it possible that USA could have bribed Russia with grain shipments to keep the conspiracy?
Hi guys, I believe the landing happened...Which one? Do you mean the Apollo manned lunar landings? There were six of them. There were also three manned circumlunar missions (two planned, one aborted landing mission).
Does this evidence prove the hoax?No. The first few don't support a hoax claim at all. The last one is just some random person making up stuff, which is basically the story for everything else on that web site.
I'd like to point out that the hoax believers were completely unaware that the backup tapes even existed, until NASA announced some were missing, at which point the tapes suddenly became the "Smoking Gun."This has become a recurring pattern: demand some piece of evidence they think doesn't exist, as though it and it alone would convince them of the reality of the Apollo program.
Thank you BertieSlack, I enjoyed reading your analysis of the grain to the Soviets. I thought it was clear, concise and compelling. I learned something new today... again!
What do you think about aulis? is it legit? It has lots of content about the photos anomaliesIf you've got the time, there are a series of pieces on the Education Forum in which Evan Burton systematically examines the Aulis claims and shows the errors in every one.
Could the soviets know it was faked but they could not tell it to the world because they are isolated from the rest or because they were losing and nobody wanted to hear them about the landings?
The West Australian, Wednesday 23 July 1969, page 8
Congratulations from Kosygin
Moscow, Tuesday
Soviet Prime Minister Alexei Kosygin sent congratulations to the Apollo 11 astronauts and President Nixon yesterday through former vice-president Humphrey, who is visiting Moscow.
Mr Humphrey was called to Mr Kosygin's office in the Kremlin after the moon walk.
Mr Humphrey quoted Mr Kosygin as saying: "I want you to tell the President and the American people that the Soviet Union desires to work with the U.S. in the cause of peace."Prompt reports
The Russian radio reported the landing of the astronauts within ten minutes of touch-down and announced the ascent from the moon even more promptly. Moscow television showed the moon walk yesterday.
A first screening was edited to blank out the American commentary and the voices of the astronauts. It ended just before the astronauts raised the U.S. flag on the moon's surface.
About two hours later, in another TV broadcast, the sound and the flag raising had been restored.
In Peking, the official newspapers, TV and radio totally ignored Apollo 11, but some Chinese people may have heard of the landing by courtesy of Radio Moscow. A half-hour Chinese-language news broadcast from Moscow gave 30 seconds to the landing.
In London, a man who almost arranged the death of Saturn rocket designer Wernher von Braun sent him a cable of congratulations - and relief.
Politician Duncan Sandys, who planned a raid designed to kill Nazi Germany's major rocket scientists at Peenemunde (one of them Dr von Braun), said: "I am thankful that your illustrious career was not cut short in the bombing raid at Peenemunde 26 years ago."
Manawatu Evening Standard, Friday 25 July 1969, page 1
Astronauts home — Perfect, but upside down, landing
NZPA Aboard USS Hornet, July 24
Apollo-XI's astronauts, their footprints stamped forever in history, splashed (upside down) "in excellent condition" today to make good America's commitment to walk on the moon in the 1960s.
A beaming President Nixon was aboard the aircraft carrier USS Hornet in the Pacific, 1000 miles southwest of Honolulu, when the epic voyage of the three explorers came to its end.
Civilian Neil Armstrong, aged 38, Air Force Colonel Edwin Aldrin, aged 39, and Lieutenant-Colonel Michael Collins, aged 38, blazed back through the atmosphere and disappeared into the most severe medical quarantine in history. They came back from a voyage of nearly a million miles in space.
The United States top space official, Dr Thomas Paine, administrator at NASA, predicted the Russians would be on the moon too, within 18 months, and urged his countrymen not to "turn inward" and sacrifice interplanetary exploration to internal problems.
Bedlam broke out in many American cities, large and small. Car horns, city and ship sirens screamed and fireworks crackled in San Francisco, where the Mayor, Mr Joseph Alioto, had asked every noise-making device in the city to be turned on for five minutes. Church bells rang in New England.
Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins splashed down a few miles from the Hornet just at dawn, and bobbed in the dark ocean for more than an hour while they put on quarantine garments.
AAP-Reuter reported that Mission Control in Houston, Texas, said the unofficial splashdown time was 195 hours, 18 minutes and 21 seconds after lift-off from Cape Kennedy. This was a bare 45 seconds earlier than the original flight plan.
Black out
The spaceship seared into earth's atmosphere at over 24,000 miles an hour, and there were tense minutes of waiting for radio contact to be re-established after the re-entry blackout.
The flight controller, Mr Ron Evans, put in nine tight-voiced calls to the spacecraft before getting an answer.
Apollo-XI landed upside down in the sea, and there were long minutes while controllers waited for flotation bags to inflate and right the bell-shaped capsule, and so confirm that all was well aboard.
Then a recovery helicopter pilot radioed: "The crew is excellent and ready to take on swimmers."
Before they were taken aboard the helicopter which brought them to Hornet, the astronauts were sprayed and scrubbed with a fluid scientists believe will effectively take care of any moon organism — if such exist. The spacecraft was also sprayed and scrubbed.
The astronauts already had been given biological isolation garments — head-to-foot suits designed to prevent contamination of the earth by possible moon germs.
A frogman then sprayed the outside of the spacecraft with germ-killing fluid.
Trailer
The astronauts were taken by the helicopter to an aluminium trailer on the deck of the Hornet, to be quarantined from the world for 18 days.
The astronauts stepped on the Hornet's deck and walked steadily, clad in their isolation suits, into the rear door of the trailer that will be kept sealed, for a two-day trip to Honolulu on the Hornet and then by air to the space centre near Houston.
A moment later one astronaut's face appeared at a window and a great cheer broke out on the hangar deck.
In mission control at Houston, weary controllers cheered themselves hoarse and the room bloomed with American flags.Soviet praise
From Moscow, the Soviet President, Mr N. Podgorny, today congratulated President Nixon on "the successful completion of the outstanding flight of the spaceship Apollo-XI, the moon landing and the safe return to earth of the American cosmonauts."
The Soviet President's telegram said: "Please convey our congratulations and best wishes to the courageous space pilots Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin and Michael Collins."
Russian television viewers saw their first live transmission from the epic Apollo-XI flight, as the moon-walking astronauts landed on the Hornet.
This has become a recurring pattern: demand some piece of evidence they think doesn't exist, as though it and it alone would convince them of the reality of the Apollo program.
So the real fun comes when they demand something like this, and then you produce it for them and watch the furious backpedaling and goalpost-moving.
I believe all the fly-by's and landings happened.Just remember that you will often happen upon HBs with what appears to be a watertight argument at first glance.
Since I have read all the hoaxers claims(they are louder), I wanted to hear about the opposing side.
Of course, all the landings and flybys happened, the evidence is overwhelming.
Now that you all gave me something to read and spend my time, my doubts have now been cleared and I see now the faulty logic of HB's.
I just needed advice from professionals and Im glad I received them here.
As for the isolation theory, the USSR was a freaking superpower. This wasn't some stain on a map of a country.
It has lots of content about the photos anomalies
It is likely, should you continue to peruse deluded HB musings, that you will happen upon claims you cannot effectively refute. This here site has seen it all, done it all. I know for a fact that when I happen upon some random claim that I have not seen before, I search here first because I know it has most likely been dealt with here before. If it hasn't then I know that an answer will be forthcoming in short order.
That all being said, the astronauts did note that the door appeared to bulge out when the LM was pressurised....
That all being said, the astronauts did note that the door appeared to bulge out when the LM was pressurised....
Was it Aldrin that had to "peel" the hatch open before dumping the PLSSs and other garbage before ascent? IIRC, they pressurised, stripped off the PLSSs, prepared stuff for dumping, connected to the onboard atmospheric unit, de-pessurised and then dumped the garbage on the surface. They then re-pressurised ready for ascent. IIRC there was a small amount of pressure left and Aldrin (again I think that it was Aldrin) "peeled" back one corner to equalise. The door was flimsy enough to allow this.
Also, I seem to remember reading about a technician puncturing the floor on a LM (or it could have been a boilerplate) when he dropped a screwdriver when working on it.
Hi guys, I believe the landing happened but I have some doubts and I need someone to explain it.The first grain purchase agreement was signed in 1972 very near the end of the moon missions.
Is it possible that USA could have bribed Russia with grain shipments to keep the conspiracy?
Thanks in advance for your replies.