You can turn off location, right?
That only provides limited security. Your service provider can still track you using information from the cell stations/towers you're near, locating you within a few metres where there's a lot of coverage (e.g. cities). A lot of the Capitol rioters have been tracked as they invaded and moved about the building, which will possibly be used as evidence in their trials.
My question, is there a way to block cameras in phones and microphones from recording when we don't want them to do so? and is this data readily accessible to states for example or companies, or they would need to hack someone's phone to get this?
Depending on your phone type you should be able to check which applications have access to various features, including camera or microphone. You can then disable access for any you don't trust. As far as I know it isn't possible to turn them on remotely, although it is possible that there are hidden "backdoors" which provide access.
The bottom line is that phones are easily trackable, and your service provider could be asked by law enforcement agencies to provide details of your past locations, and your calls and texts. If you're worried about being tracked, don't take your phone with you
As a postscript - you can also use the fact that most people leave the WiFi enabled on their phones, and it's pretty easy to set up a simple device to detect anyone coming close to your property -
https://www.lanmaster53.com/2014/10/02/wifi-user-detection-system/ I've set up an ESP8266 microcontroller as my "WUDS". So far no intruders, but it lets me know when visitors, the postie or delivery drivers are at the gate