using the same kind of equipment they use in low Earth orbit which has the same thermal environment. Your quoted temps are the MAX and MIN temps for the surface. It takes time to heat up or cool down. They weren't there when the surface was near those temps and even then only their boots would have been in contact with it.
Although there is no heat transfer by conduction or convection between the earth or moon and a nearby spacecraft, there can be substantial radiative heat transfer. So the lunar and low earth orbit environments are actually rather different.
Solar insolation on the equatorial moon: 1.361 kW/m
2 continuous for 2 weeks, absent for 2 weeks.
Solar insolation in LEO: 1.361 kW/m
2 ~90 min cycle, ~50% to 100% depending on beta angle.
Deep space (dark sky): same, ~3K blackbody.
Earth albedo: ~0.37
Lunar albedo: ~0.14
Earth effective blackbody temp: 255 K
Moon blackbody temp: 100-373K
For Apollo, these differences were not as significant as they might seem because landings were always conducted in the early lunar morning when surface temperatures (and longwave IR radiation) were quite moderate. Surface temperature was
not determined by thermal lag (the surface actually had a very low thermal capacity) but by the sun elevation angle, which varied only slowly. Even Apollo 17, with the longest lunar stay, was long gone by local noon.