Right (and thanks for the PGNS correction, I wasn't sure about that).
I always remember it as "not the way you think it should be spelled."
By pushing the stick beyond a certain angle the computer was bypassed and the corresponding engine valves were directly actuated.
Yes, there's control hardover. But I recall there's also a mode where the RCS control logic could be switched into the hand controller signals.
You owe it to yourself to read MITs papers on LM control. The LM control axes were not orthogonal. This lead to an overgeneralized control system. By overgeneralized I don't mean overdesigned; I mean that the control laws as implemented are more general than they would be in, say, a launch vehicle.
The high-order logic for the ascent was open-loop. It simply fed precomputed attitude vectors to the DAP at fixed time intervals. The DAP translates those set points into attitude errors and rates, then gave high-order attitude corrections according to the resolution algorithm, to return the LM to the proper attitude. The attitude corrections translate to RCS jet commands. That is, the RCS controller is told to "roll" but the actual jet firings are determined by the RCS jet logic. That indirection is meant to accommodate RCS jet failure. So "roll" has a nominal jet firing sequence, but "roll" under partial RCS failure might be an alternate set of jet commands. IIRC, you could couple the hand controllers directly into the RCS controller.
Wow, I had not known there were any suborbital rescue options.
Strictly there weren't. But one of the 17 contingency plans called for a low-altitude intercept with the CSM as the active vehicle. It was meant for early APS cutoff or APS failure.
Keep in mind that since the Moon doesn't have an atmosphere, the perilune could be six inches off the surface and it would still work. But the APS had enough delta-v to get to any number of wacky orbits, however the trick is to keep the perilune at a postive altitude. Not an easy task under manual control with no attitude, velocity, or altitude reference.